The answer to your question first..
There is no such bulk tool Leafgreen. Trust me, if there were a solid algorithmic way to determine a good link from a bad link with any acceptable degree of certainty Google wouldn't be able to be fooled as easily as they are sometimes.

Even those short term bumps that happen when you flood a bunch of new crappy backlinks to a site wouldn't happen, because Google would know the links were shoddy links and they'd never pass any value.
Google have had several hundred, perhaps several thousand people working to find such a magic bullet for years now. It's far more important to them than it is to anybody else. Yet they still get fooled in the short term and only start devaluing links when they see the linking profile of a site changing in a drastic way. That's what triggers their looking at the new links more closely.
FTR, I was with ya on the right item in the SEOmoz doc. That link just takes ya to the top of the document with all of 'em showing and when I posted the section and item number I wasn't paying close enough attention. Hey, it was Sunday morning after all, and I was trying to function on a whole two hours of sleep from being up all night again tinkering on a new server.
Part of the problem with trying to say if a single factor has a lot of importance or not, and an issue with such surveys, is that there are over 200 individual factors in the picture. And many times doing a few of them quite well can pretty much trump doing others not so well. Not to mention that some factors cross pollinate and affect other factors. Tis the nature of the beast I'm afraid, and why it's impossible to come up with a list of Must Do's that are required in every single market and that by doing them religiously you're guaranteed of some fantastic result.
Each site and each market is just different. And since you're continually trying to get your imperfect site to perform better than other imperfect sites there just cannot be such a perfect list that works 100% of the time, but doesn't also sometimes waste time. Obviously, when you get into highly competitive markets where lots of people know about and actually work on lots of factors the window of opportunity becomes smaller. So you have to do more right and less not quite so right.
As to secret SEO techniques, I don't have any. I and others around here have been freely giving away the farm for many, many years now.
That said, I do have a Process of sorts. And I'd hazard to guess my Process is probably more well defined than most SEO's since I'm not an SEO.

Kidding, my Process is more well defined because I'm always starting from scratch, so have to make sure I cross enough t's and dot enough i's.
Most SEO's aren't taking on brand spanking new sites that are starting out from ground zero. Many do not take on already existing sites if there is evidence of shady business in its past. So most SEO's are doing more massaging around the edges than anything else in my opinion, not that there's anything at all wrong with that. Most existing sites just need some strategic massaging to start performing well!. I certainly won't put that label on every SEO either. I know quite a few SEOs here who not only help out with SEO but help to educate clients about building their business in a smart, well thought out manner.
I'm on the other end of the spectrum since I am constantly starting brand spanking new sites that have no positive history to lean on. Thankfully they have no negative history either, but starting out from bare bones scratch is just different territory than most SEO get involved in.
So yeah, I do have a process. And the process is completed in order. Part of this process involves SEO stuff. Most of it honestly though is more content production and basic marketing. But there are definitely some SEO components to it. Then if I need to adjust and get a bit more aggressive on the SEO side of things (I usually don't FTR) six months or a year down the road, I do.
So your next question is going to be what is my process, right?

It's a bit long and drawn out to try to cover in a forum post. But I'm actually working on getting it put down in writing, or actually in writing and on video for a little partnership thing where a couple of us putting together to explain our processes to people who need it. At this point the making of the Process is in process as it were. <Har! I kill me!> When it's ready and all of my mistakes are flushed out I'm sure you'll hear about it 'round these parts somewhere. Not really sure what we're going to do with it yet, the first step is to get the content organized and produced.